Answer
1) Contaminated (inflamed and infected wound)
2) Antibiotics given to prevent infection (but infection is not yet present) because the risk of postoperative infection is present.
3) This wound is already infected; therefore patient must be on treatment against staphylococcus and fecal organism (anaerobes and gram negatives). By definition, there is no role of antimicrobials prophylaxis.
4) Non pharmacological methods to reduce surgical site infection
a) Shaving immediately before operation.
b) Maintain normothermia and avoid hypothermia.
c) Optimize oxygenation
d) Control the hyperglycemia by insulin subcutaneous injection before operation or insulin infusion during operation
e) Sterile surgical attire
f) Sterile surgical techniques.